My dog is always scratching but doesn't have fleas: causes and remedies

Itching in dogs is a common problem that can cause discomfort to both your four-legged friend and you.

When your dog is always scratching but doesn't have fleas or other visible parasites, you might wonder what could be the cause of this annoying behavior.

In this article, we will explore the possible causes, especially non-parasitic ones, of itching in dogs, and provide an overview of how to handle this situation.

From dermatitis to allergies, we'll discover the reasons behind the itching and the remedies that can bring relief to your dog.

Why does my dog keep scratching?

The reasons for a dog's constant scratching can vary and have both physical and psychological causes.

Itching is an annoying sensation that can lead your dog to scratch, lick, or bite itself constantly, sometimes to the point of causing wounds or lesions.

This behavior can indicate a range of underlying problems, including allergies, skin issues, irritations, or sensitivities.

While fleas are one of the most common causes of itching in dogs, we'll examine other possible reasons why your dog might be exhibiting this symptom.

What are the symptoms of itching in dogs?

In addition to constantly scratching, a dog may exhibit other symptoms due to severe itching and discomfort:

Excessive licking or biting
Redness or skin irritation
Hair loss
Inflamed or swollen skin area
Possible formation of lesions or infections from scratching, scabs
Skin blisters

What are the non-parasitic causes of itching in dogs?

The most common include:

1. Dermatitis

Dermatitis in dogs can be of various types, among which the most frequent are:

Atopic Dermatitis: an allergic reaction to environmental allergens such as pollen, dust, mites, and molds. This type of allergy can cause persistent itching, inflamed skin, and possible secondary skin infections. Your dog might lick its paws or scratch often. The itching usually occurs during certain seasons or in specific environments.
Contact Dermatitis: occurs when exposure to substances like detergents, shampoos, or plants can cause an adverse reaction. The dog's skin reacts with itching, redness, and possible lesions.

What are the remedies for itching from dermatitis?

If the itching is due to environmental allergies, reducing exposure to allergens can be helpful. Clean and vacuum your home regularly and limit walks during seasons when allergens are most prevalent.

If it's contact dermatitis, use shampoos and skin products recommended by the vet to treat any infections or irritations.

Follow the instructions and do not use unauthorized products, especially those intended for human use.

If the itch is triggered by non-hygiene products, such as household cleaning products, you will need to identify which one is causing the itch and stop using it.

2. Keratoseborrheic Disorders

Keratoseborrheic disorders are a group of skin disorders in dogs characterized by abnormal keratin production and excessive sebum production.

These disorders can cause a range of skin symptoms, including scaling, itching, redness, and crusting on the skin.

They can have genetic causes or be triggered by environmental factors or other health conditions.

There are several conditions that fall under the category of keratoseborrheic disorders, including:

Seborrhea Syndrome: This is a condition where there is excessive production of sebum (oil) by the skin's sebaceous glands. It can cause oily skin, scaling, and itching.
Seborrheic Dermatitis: This is a form of skin inflammation associated with excessive sebum production. It can cause scaling, redness, and itching.
Ichthyosis: This condition is characterized by excessive keratin production, leading to the formation of scales on the skin. The skin appears thick and scaly.
Primary Seborrheic Zone: This condition is characterized by the formation of patches of thickened and scaly skin on certain parts of the body.

Some of these disorders are quite noticeable, and it will be impossible for the owner not to realize the problem, but since these diseases respond better when treated promptly, it's better to diagnose them when the only symptom is itching.

What are the remedies for keratoseborrheic disorders in dogs?

The symptoms of these disorders can vary in severity from mild to severe and may require specific treatments depending on the underlying cause.

Treatment might include the use of medicated shampoos, anti-inflammatory medications, topical treatments, or, in some cases, long-term therapies.

Managing these disorders requires the consultation of a veterinarian, as each case can be different and require a personalized approach.

3. Skin Fungi

Intense itching and continuous scratching in dogs without fleas can be caused by irritating skin fungi.

Here are two common types:

Malassezia

Malassezia is a genus of yeast-like fungus that can cause skin infections in dogs.

This fungus is normally present on dogs' skin in small amounts without causing problems.

However, when environmental conditions or the natural balance of the skin are altered, Malassezia can proliferate and cause infections known as malasseziosis or malassezia dermatitis.

These infections are often associated with symptoms such as itching, redness, skin irritation, and excessive unpleasant odor.

Malassezia tends to affect warm, moist areas of the skin, like skin folds, ears, and paws.

The transmission of Malassezia from dog to human is considered extremely rare and is not considered a significant threat to human health.

Dermatophytes (Microsporum and Trichophyton)

These fungi are responsible for the fungal infection known as ringworm, a fairly common skin disease among pets.

Ringworm causes itching, redness, skin scaling, and the formation of round, hairless patches.

The infection is highly contagious and can be transmitted to other animals and humans, where it appears as ring-shaped spots with a red border, or scaling of the spot.

What are the remedies for treating a dog's skin fungi?

Treatment requires specific shampoos and possibly antifungal medications. Consult a veterinarian to know which products to use.

4. Food Allergies

Food allergies can cause itching and skin irritation, even when feeding the dog suitable and good quality food.

Ingredients like meat, wheat, dairy, or additives can trigger an allergic response.

The dog might scratch, lick, and have skin rashes. Identifying and removing the allergen from the diet can bring relief.

What are the remedies for itching from food allergies?

If you suspect that the itching is caused by food allergies, work with a veterinarian to identify the allergen.

Change your dog's diet according to the veterinarian's instructions.

Unfortunately, although it is possible to perform allergy tests for food allergies, the results are not always conclusive.

Once the results are obtained, you need to start eliminating the suspected allergen and see if the situation improves.

If not, all other allergens should be eliminated one by one.

It's advisable to rely on a veterinarian or a canine nutritionist if the list of allergens makes it difficult to adequately feed the animal.

5. Gastrointestinal Problems

Gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome or food intolerances can cause skin itching.

The connection between the gastrointestinal tract and the skin is known as the "gut-skin axis." Resolving gastrointestinal issues can help improve itching.

What are the remedies for treating a dog's gastrointestinal problems?

Firstly, the cause of the problem must be identified, and then appropriate therapy or the indicated diet should be started.

6. Tumors

In some dogs, especially in older subjects, itching can be a symptom of the onset of a tumor.

It is important to emphasize that itching can be caused by many other health conditions, including allergies, infections, parasites, endocrine diseases, and more, and the association between itching and tumors is not always direct.

That said, some tumors that might cause itching in dogs include:

Skin Tumors: Some skin tumors, like mast cell tumors, can cause intense itching in the surrounding area. These tumors can release histamine and other substances that cause skin irritation.
Lymphomas: Lymphomas are tumors of the lymphatic system and can cause itching due to the associated inflammation and irritation.
Epithelial Tumors: Tumors such as sebaceous gland adenomas can cause itching, redness, and skin lesions.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: This type of tumor can appear on the skin and mucous membranes. It can cause itching and skin lesions.
Internal Tumors: Some internal tumors, like liver or pancreatic tumors, may cause itching due to the chemicals released into the bloodstream.
Reproductive System Tumors: Tumors of the uterus or ovaries in females or testicular tumors in males can cause itching or redness in the genital area.
Cutaneous Metastases: In some cases, itching could be caused by cutaneous metastases, i.e., tumors that have spread from the original site to other parts of the body, including the skin.

What are the remedies for treating tumors in dogs?

Only a veterinarian can determine the underlying cause of itching and recommend appropriate treatment.

Do not jump to conclusions based on symptoms, but always consult a medical veterinary professional.

What are the parasitic causes of itching in dogs?

The causes of itching due to parasites, excluding fleas and ticks, where the parasites are not visible to the naked eye, can vary, but the most common include:

1. Skin Mites

If a dog doesn't have fleas but is constantly scratching, it might be suffering from skin mites. Their small size and habit of burrowing into the skin make them difficult to see with the naked eye.

Mites are tiny parasites that can vary in size, but generally are very small and almost transparent, making them difficult to observe without tools like a magnifying glass or a microscope.

Here are some of the most common types of mites that can infest dogs:

Sarcoptes scabiei (scabies mite): This mite causes scabies in dogs. It burrows into the skin and causes extreme itching, redness, and hair loss.
Demodex canis (demodex mite): This mite is normally present on dogs' skin, but overpopulation can cause demodicosis, also known as demodectic mange. It can cause itching, hair loss, and skin lesions.
Otodectes cynotis (ear mite): This mite is often found in dogs' ear canals and can cause itching, head shaking, and ear discharge.
Cheyletiella spp. (walking dandruff mite): Also known as walking dandruff, this mite can cause itching and hair loss in dogs. It can be visible as small white or transparent dots on the skin.
Trombicula autumnalis (harvest mite): Also known as “chiggers,” this mite can cause skin irritation, itching, and redness.
Neotrombicula spp. (red chicken mite): This mite can cause trombiculosis dermatitis in dogs, with symptoms similar to those of harvest mites.
Sarcoptes raillieti (wild dog scabies mite): This mite can also infest domestic dogs, causing symptoms similar to scabies caused by Sarcoptes scabiei.
Pneumonyssoides caninum (lung mite): This mite infests dogs' airways and lungs. It can cause coughing, breathing difficulties, and itching.

Remedies for Eliminating Mites in Dogs

The treatment of mite infestations in dogs depends on the type of mite involved and the severity of the infestation.

It's important to consult a veterinarian for an accurate diagnosis and an appropriate treatment plan.

Here are some common remedies used to eliminate mites in dogs:

Antiparasitic Medications: Antiparasitic medications are often prescribed to eliminate mites. These medications can be administered in the form of pills, injections, or topical treatments. The drugs vary depending on the type of mite. For example, ivermectin and selamectin are often used for skin parasites.
Medicated Shampoos: Specially formulated shampoos can be used to kill and remove mites present on the dog's skin. These shampoos can contain antiparasitic ingredients like permethrin or selenium sulfide.
Antiparasitic Collars: Antiparasitic collars containing ingredients like permethrin or amitraz can help prevent and treat mite infestations.
Topical Treatments: Topical treatments like spot-on or pipettes can be applied to the dog's skin. These treatments contain antiparasitic drugs that are absorbed through the skin to kill mites.
Ear Medications: For ear mites, a veterinarian may prescribe ear drops or ointments to kill the mites and treat the infestation.
Antibiotics or Antifungal Medications: In some cases, antibiotics or antifungal medications may be necessary to treat secondary infections caused by mite infestations.

Additionally, treating the dog's environment, such as its bedding and surrounding area, is important to prevent re-infestation.

Maintaining proper hygiene for the dog, including regular baths and environmental cleaning, can help prevent and manage mite infestations.

2. Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis in dogs can cause itching. Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the Leishmania parasite, transmitted through the bite of infected sandflies.

This disease can have a wide range of symptoms and manifestations, including itching. However, it's important to note that itching might not be the predominant symptom of leishmaniasis in dogs and can vary from individual to individual.

Common symptoms of leishmaniasis in dogs may include:

Hair loss, especially around the eyes, nose, and ears
Skin lesions, ulcers, or sores
Subcutaneous nodules or swollen lymph nodes
Weight loss and fatigue
Anemia
Increased thirst and urination
Eye problems, such as conjunctivitis or corneal ulcers

Since leishmaniasis can affect various organs and systems in the dog's body, symptoms can differ from case to case.

Itching may be present, but it's often associated with other signs and symptoms.

What are the remedies for treating Leishmaniasis in dogs?

If you suspect that your dog might be suffering from leishmaniasis or exhibits unusual symptoms, it's crucial to consult a veterinarian immediately for an accurate diagnosis.

Leishmaniasis is a serious disease, incurable and can cause severe complications if not treated properly, but it can be managed with appropriate therapy.

What are the medications used to relieve itching in dogs?

There are several medications that veterinarians can prescribe to treat itching in dogs.

The choice of medication will depend on the underlying cause of the itching and the specific condition of the dog.

Here are some of the common medications used to treat itching in dogs:

Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids, such as prednisolone, can be prescribed to reduce inflammation and itching. They can be administered in the form of pills, injections, or creams.
Antihistamines: Antihistamines, like diphenhydramine or cetirizine, can help reduce itching caused by allergies. They are often used for short-term treatment.
Immunomodulators: Medications like Apoquel or Atopica can help regulate the immune system and reduce allergic reactions that cause itching.
Cyclosporine: This immunosuppressive drug can be prescribed to treat autoimmune diseases that cause itching and inflammation.
Antibiotics or Antifungals: If itching is caused by a bacterial or fungal infection, specific antibiotics or antifungals may be prescribed.
Medicated Shampoo: Specially formulated shampoos can contain ingredients like salicylic acid, sulfur, or lactic acid that help soothe irritated skin.
Skin Medications: Some medications are specifically designed to treat skin issues in dogs, like yeast or bacterial infections.
JAK Inhibitors: Medications like tofacitinib can be used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases that cause itching and inflammation.
Topical Treatments: Creams, lotions, or ointments containing steroids, antibiotics, or other ingredients can be applied directly to the skin to reduce itching and inflammation.

It's important that any medication is administered under the supervision of a veterinarian.

Medications should be tailored to the specific needs of your dog and health conditions.

It is not advisable to administer over-the-counter medications intended for humans to your dog without the advice of a veterinarian, as this could be dangerous and ineffective.

What are the natural remedies for itching in dogs?

Among the natural remedies to alleviate itching in dogs are:

Oatmeal Bath: Bathing in oatmeal water can soothe irritated and itchy skin.
Coconut Oil: Coconut oil can be applied to the dog's skin to help alleviate irritation and provide hydration.
Apple Cider Vinegar: Diluting apple cider vinegar with water and using it as a rinse solution for the dog's coat can help soothe the skin.
Chamomile: Creating a chamomile infusion and applying it to the dog's skin can have soothing effects.
Cool Baths: Cool baths can help reduce itching and irritation.
Aloe Vera: Aloe vera gel can be applied to the skin to soothe irritation. Ensure that the aloe used is suitable for animal use and does not contain harmful additives.
Fish Oil: Omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil can help improve skin health and reduce itching. They should be added to food or administered as a supplement in capsules or chewable treats. It is better to use the supplement rather than fresh fish in this case.
Honey: Honey can have antibacterial and soothing properties. It can be applied locally to irritated skin.
Baking Soda: Adding baking soda to bath water can help relieve itching.
Coconut Water: Coconut water can hydrate the skin and improve overall well-being.

Remember, every dog is different, and what works for one might not work for another.

Also, if your dog's itching is persistent or severe, it is important to consult a veterinarian for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Natural remedies can be useful as support, but should not replace professional veterinary care.

Above all, alleviating itching does not cure the causes of the itch itself, and removing the symptom of itching could delay the diagnosis of a much more serious pathology.

A fungal infection must be treated with topical antifungals, honey is not a solution, and the same applies to pathologies that cause itching in dogs.

In conclusion:

When your dog is always scratching but doesn't have fleas, it is important to examine the possible non-parasitic causes of itching.

From food allergies to dermatitis, identifying the source of discomfort is the first step in providing relief to your dog.

Through a combination of natural and pharmacological remedies, you can help your four-legged friend find comfort and skin well-being.

However, always consult a veterinarian to obtain an accurate diagnosis and an appropriate treatment plan.

And if despite the treatments undertaken, the itching persists or worsens, consult a veterinarian immediately.

Diagnostic tests and specific pharmacological treatments may be necessary to resolve the issue.

As a final recommendation, it is important to carefully follow the veterinarian's instructions and complete the treatment cycle when medications are prescribed.

Do not use over-the-counter antiparasitic medications intended for humans without the advice of a veterinarian, as some of them can be toxic to dogs.

Consultation and treatment by a medical veterinary professional are crucial to effectively eliminate mites and protect your dog's health.

Author's Note

I invite all readers to share their experience on this topic in the comments section.

Any information you would like to share about health, temperament, products, and advice on training or diet will help us create a great community of owners who not only love dogs but also know how to manage them best.

From the Staff of Khani.co.uk

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